| Bedřich Smetana |
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Operas
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The Devil's Wall (Czech: Čertova stěna) is a comic-romantic opera in three acts, with music by Bedřich Smetana and libretto by Eliška Krásnohorská, in their third operatic collaboration. The subtext of the plot is a Czech legend of a sheer rockface that overlooks the Vltava river, near the old monastery of Vyšši Brod, where the Devil was said to have halted the building of the monastery by damming the Vltava, which then rose and flooded the site.
Krásnohorská had originally intended her scenario to be serious in nature, a symbolic representation of the conflict between the Church and the Devil. By contrast, Smetana had wanted a less serious treatment. She acceeded to his demands and provided such a scenario, but then Smetana changed his thinking on the story. He reworked the plot such that he turned the young girl, Hedvika, into a surrogate for Lord Vok's late first wife, and the story became more serious in that aspect. As a result of these changes, Krásnohorská and Smetana did not have contact for a year and a half, and Smetana made substantial changes to Krásnohorská's submitted libretto without her input, deleting up to 500 of her original verses.
Smetana completed Act I in March 1881, and Act III in April 1882. The opera was first performed on October 29, 1882, at the Nové České Divadlo (New Czech Theatre) in Prague. The premiere was not successful, with difficulties including the staging and the wildly conflicting appearance of two singers whose characters were supposed to resemble each other. In spite of the tensions between librettist and composer, Krásnohorská attended the premiere and defended Smetana, to the point of keeping silent on criticism directed towards the libretto, of the changes which she herself did not sanction.[1]
The first UK production was by University College Opera, in London, in February 1987.[2]
| Role | Voice type | Premiere Cast, 29 October 1882[3] (Conductor: Adolf Cech) |
|---|---|---|
| Lord Vok | baritone | Josef Lev |
| Záviš | contralto | Betty Fibichová |
| Jarek | tenor | Antonín Vávra |
| Rarach, the Devil | bass | Josef Chlumeckÿ |
| Hedvika | soprano | Irma Reichová |
| Katuška | soprano | Marie Zofie Sittová |
| Michǎlek | tenor | Adolf Krössing |
| Beneš | bass | Frantisek Hynek |